Years to rebound | Thirty-three million coconut trees were destroyed, leaving more than a million farmers without a source of income
BASEY, Philippines (Thomson Reuters Foundation) — Coconut farmer Pacalan Wenefredo has taken to growing rice.
Fisherman Napoleon Caramol is planning to raise pigs.
Housewife Felipa Balbuana, a mother of four, has signed up for her first job in years, sewing backpacks.
Survivors of Typhoon Haiyan have had to adapt in a bid to rebuild their lives in the wake of the storm that killed or left missing about 7,000 people.
It was the strongest storm on record to hit land when it slammed the Philippines Nov. 8 of last year.
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The Asian Development Bank estimates that 5.6 million workers in a nation of about 100 million saw their means of earning a living ruined or seriously impaired by the disaster. One-third of those affected were already poor.
Crops were destroyed, boats ripped apart and houses flattened as the typhoon powered across the central Philippines, packing winds of up to 315 km-h and causing seven metre storm surges.
Wenefredo, 59, had worked for 20 years on land held for generations in his family in the inland village of Cancaiyas in central Philippines to produce copra, the dried kernel used for making coconut oil. Haiyan destroyed 80 percent of his trees.
The Philippines is one of the world’s largest producers of coconuts, with exports averaging $1.5 billion annually in recent years. The government estimates the damage cost $38 million.
It can take six to eight years for newly replanted coconut trees to reach maturity and return to full production, so Wenefredo turned to rice farming using cash assistance from the International Committee of the Red Cross.
It is much less profitable, but Wenefredo said he had no choice. He has just sold his first harvest, which halved his income, but he needs money to repay debts incurred before the storm.
“We will continue with the rice farming. It is our only source of living at the moment,” he said while sitting on a bench in the stiflingly hot living room of fellow coconut-farmer-turned-rice-farmer Gerry Baclayo, 44.
Baclayo nodded in agreement.
“Less than half of our needs are covered by the income … we do extra labour work,” he said.
“We borrow money, sometimes without interest, sometimes with 10 percent interest, so we can buy fish because it’s hard to eat just rice.”
Haiyan damaged 33 million coconut trees from a national total of 300 million and affected the livelihoods of more than a million farmers, according to the Philippines Coconut Authority (PCA).
The Asian Development Bank estimates Haiyan drove an additional one million people below the poverty line with more than 1.3 million people needing emergency relief. The typhoon displaced up to four million.
A priority is to clear fallen coconut trees covering swaths of land in areas hit by Haiyan to avoid the threat of pest infestation and clear the way to replant and rebuild homes.
“Our estimate is coconut rehabilitation will take about five to 10 years. We will need about 20 million coconut seedlings,” said Edilberto Nieva, head of the PCA in eastern Visayas.
“We are telling the farmers to do inter-cropping so they can start making money immediately. This means planting things like young corn and vegetables that they can consume and sell.”
Initial data from the Red Cross shows that farming, rearing livestock and setting up local convenience stores are the top three income generators for people given grants to restart. Pigs, goats, chickens and produce for convenience stores are among the most popular items bought by survivors.
Fisherman Napoleon Caramol, 44, has planted root vegetables in his garden and is planning to rear pigs with his wife.
His wife, Elizabeth, was nine months pregnant with their ninth child when Haiyan swept away their rickety home on a coconut farm in Marabut municipality in the central Philippines.
They took refuge with 60 other families in a hillside cave during the storm. His wife feared for her life but delivered a healthy boy five days later named Cavein Cuevas.
They had to rebuild their home and lives but were relieved that they had never taken on debt.
“The typhoon left a big hole in our small paddle boat and destroyed parts of our fishing nets. They’re beyond repair,” said 36-year-old Elizabeth Caramol.
“Now if we do not get fish or cannot buy , we eat root vegetables … we are planning to raise pigs with the grant from (child health care charity) Terres des hommes and maybe I’ll set up a small grocery stall.”
The Red Cross has offered vocational training in sustainable farming, hog rearing, bookkeeping and arithmetic and advice on how to diversify and expand businesses to help survivors.
Work on rebuilding areas hit by Haiyan is continuing, with president Benigno Aquino approving a $4.3 billion master plan to rebuild housing, social services and public infrastructure at the end of October.
Felipa Balbuana had not worked for years and is now one of 20 typhoon survivors working in a factory in Tacloban, the worst hit city, to produce backpacks and help supplement her husband’s increasingly meager income as a fish vendor.
Members of the Leyte Union of Producers of Agricultural Products, a local farming union, lost their livelihoods and are working with the International Organization for Migration to use lumber from coconut trees to build temporary shelters.
IOM estimates 130,000 coconut trees will be salvaged to produce enough lumber to build 5,800 shelters in three typhoon-affected regions by February.
“The fallen and damaged coconut trees are our last resources. We have to use our meagre resources instead of waiting for somebody to help,” said Noel Inot, 39, a coconut farmer and member of the union.
However, while survivors of Haiyan work hard to rebuild their lives, the devastation and deaths caused by Haiyan has left them concerned about their security and that of their children.
“I do worry about our future. A storm like that could happen again, and next time we may not survive,” said Elizabeth Caramol.
