Q: What exactly causes dandruff? I have had it for most of my adult life and I am wondering if you have any ideas on how to cure it. I have used anti-dandruff shampoos, but it always comes back.
A: Dandruff is flakes of dead skin that show up as little white specks. It can be the result of various types of skin diseases, and the treatment may vary as a result.
Seborrheic dermatitis is responsible for many cases. This condition is not helped much by the commercial anti-dandruff shampoos, such as Selson. If your dandruff is caused by this itchy skin disease, you may also have some reddish scaly patches on your forehead and over the bridge of the nose and cheekbones. See your doctor or a dermatologist for a prescription lotion or shampoo.
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Other skin diseases such as psoriasis or eczema can also affect the scalp and the underlying cause needs to be treated. Some people are allergic to certain types of soap or shampoo, or the perfumes and additives in these products. Switching to a mild, non-scented baby shampoo might help.
The most common type of dandruff is known as Pityriasis capita and is experienced by 50 to 90 percent of the population. More recently researchers have discovered that it is caused by a fungus known as Malassezia globosa. This type of dandruff cannot be cured and can only be controlled with anti-dandruff shampoos.
Too much sugar in the diet and stress have been linked to dandruff, so try to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. When you wash your hair, lather up twice with the anti-dandruff shampoo and let it sit for a few minutes before rinsing. Hot oil treatments are another type of home remedy that might be beneficial.
Clare Rowson is a retired medical doctor living near Belleville, Ont. Her columns are intended for general information only. Individuals are encouraged to also seek the advice of their own doctor regarding medical questions and treatments.
