Q: My husband, who is a farmer, has cellulitis on his leg. It is a hard, red and painful patch that has improved since he has been on intravenous antibiotics. They did not keep him in the hospital and a nurse comes every day. What exactly is cellulitis and what causes it?
A: Cellulitis is an infection in or just under the skin. It is caused by a bacterial infection, usually a result of the common bacteria Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. Infection with the superbug MRSA is quite rare, but becoming increasingly more common. It is possible that your husband has it. Ask the nurse next time she visits.
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In other rare cases, a Strep A infection may penetrate to deeper layers of the body and cause necrotizing fasciitis or flesh-eating disease. Cellulitis is not easily transmitted from person to person, but it is always a good idea to wash your hands regularly and use separate towels.
In cases of cellulitis, the infected area becomes red, swollen, hot to the touch and painful. The sufferer may have a fever and feel generally unwell. Sometimes there are reddish streaks leading away from the area that indicate a spread into the lymphatic system.
This can be dangerous or life threatening if not treated immediately. Infections of the face and groin are the most dangerous because there is a greater chance of it spreading to the rest of the body.
Although cellulitis may follow surgery or a cut or injury to the skin, it is not always the case. Insects including spiders carry the bacteria. They may be so tiny, you may not notice the bite until it becomes infected.
Some common skin ailments such as eczema or psoriasis may lead to open sore areas of skin, particularly if scratched. Even athlete’s foot can lead to an entry point for bacteria. Any area of dry, flaky skin is more easily damaged.
Some people have a greater risk of getting cellulitis. Diabetics, HIV sufferers and those with weakened immune systems and chronic leukemia are at risk. Chicken pox lesions can sometimes become infected, particularly if scratched. Intravenous drug abusers often get cellulitis from dirty syringes.
Cephalosporins, such as Ceflex, are most commonly prescribed for 10 to14 days. They will kill both Strep and Staph bacteria.
Intravenous antibiotics are used for more serious infections. If it is MRSA, more powerful antibiotics are needed and may have to be taken for a longer period of time.
Clare Rowson is a retired medical doctor living near Belleville, Ont. Her columns are intended for general information only. Individuals are encouraged to also seek the advice of their own doctor. She can be reached at health@producer.com.
