In Western Canada, most rabies cases were in bats and skunks; the only domestic animal infected last year was a single bovine from Manitoba. | cwf-fcf.org photo

Rabies remains a rare but continued threat in Canada

Rabies is one of the most terrifying diseases to afflict animals because of how it is spread, its lack of treatment and its dramatic clinical presentation. The virus is spread by bites of infected animals. Within the salivary glands, the virus replicates and enters the saliva. When a rabid animal bites, the virus is inoculated […] Read more

The most common use of microchips for animals is to permanently identify dogs and cats, but other species can also benefit. Horses are being microchipped with increasing frequency.  |  Alex McCuaig photo

Microchips are an effective animal identification tool

Microchips are the gold standard for lifelong, permanent animal identification. These tiny electronic transponders are the approximate size of a grain of rice and are enclosed in a thin cylinder of glass. They sit just under the skin and are inert, meaning the body is not stimulated to reject them or wall them off. Veterinary […] Read more

This microscopic image shows tiny tapeworms in the intestine of a coyote.  |  Jamie Rothenburger photo

Tapeworm infections on the rise in people and dogs

In a recent column, I discussed new research by myself and colleagues at the University of Calgary that identified a deadly tapeworm parasite in wild muskrats. A reader suggested I expand on the human and dog aspect of this emerging disease. Just to briefly recap, the parasite is a tapeworm known as Echinococcus multilocularis. Animals […] Read more


This microscopic image of liver cysts in muskrats from Calgary show protoscoleces (arrow), which will develop into the adult tapeworm if a dog or coyote eats them.  |  Jamie Rothenburger photo

New study shows emerging parasite also infects muskrats

Human and pet dog cases of a deadly parasitic disease have recently increased in Western Canada. In Alberta, the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis has been diagnosed in 17 people between 2013 and 2020. In pet dogs, there were 27 cases in Western Canada between 2009 and 2021 with 18 of those occurring in Alberta. This is […] Read more



The use of animals in research in Canada is strictly controlled by the Canadian Council on Animal Care, and compliance with its rules is required by major research funding organizations, including the federal government.  |  File photo

Procedures in place for animal research

An enormous range of animal species are used in research for a variety of reasons. There is the familiar use of animals as models for human diseases, which is where the white laboratory mice and rats come in. Scientists may also study animals for their own benefit. It is worth considering the reasons we use […] Read more

Wild waterfowl are thought to be the main source of infection for domestic poultry flocks but they are now spreading the disease to wild mammals such as raccoons, red foxes and striped skunks.  |  File photo

Avian influenza infection spreads to wild mammals

The global outbreak of H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, continues. With the arrival of autumn, migrating wild birds may continue to spread, contract and die of this infection. Avian influenza has historically been considered a pathogen of birds. Wild waterfowl such as ducks carry it without significant clinical disease. They are also thought […] Read more

The complex interactions of pregnancy, birth and lactation hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin and prolactin set the stage for mothers bonding with their young.  |  File photo

Vital maternal bonding process starts during pregnancy

From what we can tell, dinosaurs didn’t do much of it. Neither do many modern-day reptile, amphibian and bird species. But mammals certainly invest significant time and food resources into rearing young. And the foundation for this critical behaviour is the maternal bond. For wild mammals, the strong bond between dam and offspring is essential […] Read more



pus oozes from a amputated hoof on a white background

Lymph nodes are a critical part of the immune system

Lymph nodes are present throughout the body and are an important part of the immune system in animals. Their main function is to drain and monitor lymph from specific locations in the body. Lymph, also known as lymphatic fluid, is a liquid that forms from normal leakage of microscopic blood vessels in tissues. It is […] Read more